The latest version of industrial automation running in plants is Industry 4.0. It involves the use of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is a mixture of networking, software, and automation tools at the highest level.
So, many companies in the last few years have started to adapt to this technology for their efficient purpose. This demands a high level of knowledge from engineers who want to apply for IoT jobs.
IoT Interview Questions and Answers
In this post, we will see interview questions and answers related to IoT.
What are the main features of IoT?
The main things that distinguish IoT from other automation levels are connectivity, active engagements, artificial intelligence, analysis, and scalability. Connectivity is required for seamless communication and it is done mostly by Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and radio waves.
Multiple products, services, and cross-platform technologies work together for cloud computing and sharing data in the most efficient way possible. AI is the technology that is used by IoT for all activities.
IoT analyses sensor information or other information in a very deep manner. And the last thing is that IoT handles a very large amount of data smoothly, which defines its high level of scalability.
What does a thing mean in IoT?
Things in IoT define sensors, actuators, controllers, networking, data management, and cloud computing. They all are integrated through networks and help in the proper data flow.
What is the role of Raspberry Pi in IoT?
It can be considered as a small computer chip, which has IO’s embedded in it. It uses communication protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Ethernet and also has USB ports as peripherals. It is combined with IoT apps by merging this small powerful computer with the outside field world. Due to its compact size, it can be used for many IoT functions, instead of using a laptop or PC every time.
Name some top IoT solution providers in the market today
The most used brands are
- Amazon Web Services
- Microsoft Azure
- Cisco
- IBM
- Bosch
- Siemens
- Intel
- SAP
- Honeywell
- Accenture
- HCLTech
- Huawei
- Infosys
- Qualcomm
- Hitachi
- Telit
- Sierra Wireless
What is the role of the 5G network in IoT?
Because IoT is all about strong networking, one thing that comes to our mind immediately is 5G. It works with AI, a network of sensors, and is connected through cloud computing, to enable fast and efficient data transfer. Data latency will happen if a network below 5G is used in mobiles.
What are the main components of IoT?
It consists of smart devices, data processing platforms, storage platforms, a strong network infrastructure, and a good UI (user interface).
Is Arduino used in IoT?
Yes, like Raspberry Pi, it is also a small microcontroller and can perform multiple IoT functions. But, as it is a microcontroller, it does not have an OS and is also limited in processing speed and memory.
Also, it can be only written in C++ and it can run only one program at a time. But it has lower power consumption and cost. It is mostly used in simple IoT applications.
What are the main communication protocols used in IoT?
The most used protocols in IoT are
- Wi-Fi
- MQTT
- UDP
- TCP
- Bluetooth low energy
- XMPP
- HTTP
- WebSocket
- IPsec
- OPC
- Zigbee
- Z-Wave
- OMA LWM2M
Why is an IPv4 address normally not used in IoT?
There are two types of IP addresses – IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 is 32 bits whereas IPv6 is 128 bits. As IoT involves a large amount of bulk data and networks, their users too are abundant. So IPv6 provides a wide range of addresses and devices for communication. Also, complex addresses are easily handled through this type.
Name some biggest threats and challenges when implementing IoT in the industry.
The most relevant challenges are weak passwords, insecure interfaces, outdated components, insecure networks, no security or firmware updates, lack of data storage, lack of physical hardening, and improper settings.
What is the difference between IoT and IIoT?
The extra I in IIoT stands for industrial. It is more inclined towards industrial applications and makes compulsory use of smart sensors, actuators, controllers, and machines to make industrial life easier to operate.
What is IoT asset tracking?
As the name implies, it uses IoT technology like a gateway, modules, GPS, and other location-tracking technologies for tracking assets like vehicles, equipment, construction tools, etc. The goal is to track and locate them quickly when required.
Which software languages are mostly used in IoT?
The most common languages used are C, C++, Python, Java, PHP, Lua, and Swift.
Different types of communication models in IoT?
The four types of models used are client-server (request – response), publisher – subscriber, push-pull and exclusive pair communication.
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