This article explains about the Automatic Waste Sorting System using Siemens TIA-Portal Software. This system is designed to automatically separate waste based on its type, such as Metal, Plastic, and Paper. The waste will be collected according to its category, and the system will stop with an indicator alarm activating when the collected waste reaches the maximum weight capacity.
Program Objective
Steps of the Automatic Waste Sorting System:
Waste will be carried by a conveyor.
Waste Type Identification:
- Metal Detector: This sensor will activate when it detects the presence of metal in the waste.
- Color Sensor: This sensor is used to differentiate between plastic and paper based on color.
Waste Sorting Process:
- If metal is detected, a Magnet will pull the waste into a dedicated metal container.
- If paper is detected, an Actuator will push the waste into the paper container.
- If the waste is neither metal nor paper, it will automatically be directed to the plastic container.
Waste Collection and Alarm Indicator:
The collected waste in each container will be weighed.
- An alarm will turn On if the weight of the metal waste reaches 15 kg.
- An alarm will turn On if the weight of the paper waste reaches 17 kg.
- An alarm will turn On if the weight of the plastic waste reaches 25 kg.
Automated Waste Sorting PLC System
Mapping Details
| S.No. | Comment | Input (I) | Output(Q) | Memory Words | Memory Bit | Timers |
| 1 | PB_START | I0.0 | ||||
| 2 | PB_STOP | I0.1 | ||||
| 3 | SENS_METAL | I0.2 | ||||
| 4 | SENS_COLOR | I0.3 | ||||
| 5 | MAGNET | Q0.0 | ||||
| 6 | ACTUATOR | Q0.1 | ||||
| 7 | CONVEYOR | Q0.2 | ||||
| 8 | ALARM_METAL | Q0.3 | ||||
| 9 | ALARM_PAPER | Q0.4 | ||||
| 10 | ALARM_PLASTIC | Q0.5 | ||||
| 11 | METAL_WEIGHT | MW0 | ||||
| 12 | PAPER_WEIGHT | MW2 | ||||
| 13 | PLASTIC_WEIGHT | MW4 | ||||
| 14 | SYSTEM_ON | M6.0 | ||||
| 15 | TEMP_SENS_METAL | M6.1 | ||||
| 16 | TEMP_SENS_COLOR | M6.2 | ||||
| 17 | TIMER_ACT | DB2 | ||||
| 18 | TIMER_MAGNET | DB1 |
TIA Portal Programming
NETWORK 1 (START SYSTEM)
In this network, the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) will be in the HIGH state when the PB_START (I0.0) button is Pressed. Because it uses Latching, even though the PB_START (I0.0) button has been Released the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) will remain in the HIGH state.
When the PB_STOP (I0.1) button is Pressed, the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) will return to the LOW state.
NETWORK 2 (CONVEYOR)
In this network, the CONVEYOR (Q0.2) output will be ON if the NO contact of the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) is in the HIGH state.
When any of the NC contacts of ALARM_METAL (Q0.3), ALARM_PAPER (Q0.4), or ALARM_PLASTIC (Q0.5) is in the HIGH state, the CONVEYOR (Q0.2) output will be OFF.
NETWORK 3 (MAGNET ON)
In this network, the MAGNET (Q0.0) output will be ON if the NO contact of the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) and the SENS_METAL (I0.2) sensor are in the HIGH state.
Next, the TIMER_MAGNET (DB1) timer will start counting up to 4 seconds, and when the timer has finished counting, the MAGNET (Q0.0) output will turn OFF because the RESET output instruction for MAGNET (Q0.0) has been triggered by the TIMER_MAGNET (DB1) timer.
NETWORK 4 (ACTUATOR ON)
In this network, the ACTUATOR (Q0.1) output will be ON when the NO contact of the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) and the SENS_COLOR (I0.3) sensor are in the HIGH state.
Next, the TIMER_ACT (DB2) timer will start counting for up to 3 seconds, and after the timer has finished counting, the ACTUATOR (Q0.1) output will turn OFF because the RESET Output Instruction for ACTUATOR (Q0.1) has been triggered by the TIMER_ACT(DB2) timer.
NETWORK 5 (METAL WEIGHT)
The ALARM_METAL (Q0.3) output will be ON if the NO contact of the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) in the HIGH state and the value in the memory word METAL_WEIGHT (MW0) is Equal to “15”.
NETWORK 6 (PAPER WEIGHT)
The ALARM_PAPER (Q0.4) output will be ON if the NO contact of the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) in the HIGH state and the value in the memory word PAPER_WEIGHT (MW2) is Equal to “17”.
NETWORK 7 (PLASTIC WEIGHT)
The ALARM_PLASTIC (Q0.5) output will be ON when the NO contact of the memory bit SYSTEM_ON (M6.0) in the HIGH state and the value in the memory word PLASTIC_WEIGHT (MW2) is Equal to “25”.
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