Recognizing a Porpoising PID Controller
An interesting case of over-tuning is when the process variable “porpoises” (Note 1 ) on its way to setpoint following
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Principle
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical method of flow visualization used to obtain instantaneous velocity measurements and related properties in fluids.
Ziegler-Nichols Open-Loop Method
In contrast to the first tuning technique presented by Ziegler and Nichols in their landmark 1942 paper where the process
Ziegler-Nichols Closed-Loop Method (Ultimate Gain)
Closed-loop refers to the operation of a control system with the controlling device in “automatic” mode, where the flow of
Heuristic PID Tuning Method
Heuristic PID Tuning Method In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller
Quantitative PID tuning procedures
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values to be used
How ANSI Class Relates to PSI ?
Take a look through our website and you’ll see most of our pressure ratings are expressed as PSI – pounds
NPT Connection Measurement Size
A 1/4” NPT connection size doesn’t have the 1/4” measurements where you think they would be. In fact, the connection’s
What is a Y Strainer ?
Y-strainers find their ways into all kinds of applications – including food preparation, cosmetics, diesel engines, and the petroleum industry. Y
AC Motor Speed Control
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary windings