Common Instrumentation Engineering Topics

Hysteresis

A detrimental eﬀect to feedback control is a characteristic known as hysteresis: a lack of responsiveness to a change in

Lag time refers to a damped response from a process, from a change in manipulated variable (e.g. control valve position)

Simple, self-regulating processes tend to be ﬁrst-order: that is, they have only one mechanism of lag. More complicated processes often

If a square-wave signal is applied to an RC passive integrator circuit, the output signal will appear to have a

Electrical Switches have mechanical contacts or relays. Types of electrical switches are SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT and other custom designs.

For Pressure Transducers and Pressure Transmitters To convert from To convert to Mutiply by Kilopascal (kPa) Bar (bar)

A load cell or loadcell is a highly accurate device that is used to measure weight or force in a

Device diagnostics can be carried out using a handheld communicator in the field, a laptop in the workshop, or from

The Loop diagram sometimes called a loop sheet. Loop Diagrams Here we are discussing for the compressor surge control system

Functional diagrams are sometimes referred to as SAMA diagrams in honor of the organization responsible for their standardization, the Scientific