PID controller simulator represents a very useful tool to understand as algorithm PID works.
In addition, the concept as direct or indirect controller action, 4-20 mA analog input/output signal, fail close or fail open control valve are fundamental to determine the correct implementation of the closed-loop control.
PID Algorithm
This worksheet simulates a simple level of control in a tank. The algorithm PID, for discrete values, is used to simulate the process:
For those interested, I would like to share the excel document in which it is possible to see the calculations.
It was considered that the controller has in the input (Cin) and in output (CO) the variables according to the standard 4-20 mA.
Closed-Loop Control
Sampling time ∆t is equal to 1 s. The system is initially in a steady-state with a settable input flow rate equal to the output flowrate.
At t = 0 it takes a step disturbance on the discharge line by means of the pump.
Through mass balance, the actual level (Present Value) is calculated. Obviously, in real-case, there is a Level Transmitter that “read” and communicate at the controller the PV.
It is possible to put in the system a dead time just to see the effect on the PID controller.
The algorithm PID determines the control action on the control valve that modify the inlet flowrate.
The control valve has a linear characteristic: Fin= % opening valve / 100 * Fmax, in.
To disable the derivative action is sufficient to set Td = 0 (refer to sheet “Calculation”, cell J8) while to disable the integral action set value 0 in the cell J9, excel sheet “Calculation”.
Note: this excel file simulates an “academic” version of the PID controller.
Download PID Simulator
Author: Domenico Luca Romilio