Instrumentation Erection & Commissioning

Multiple Thermowell Installations Problems

Vortex shedding Fig: Color enhanced smoke trail showing von Karman Vortex Street in laminar fluid flow Vortex Shedding effects on Multiple

What are the major sources of error in a Thermocouple (TC) measurement? Basically a TC behaves in a very predictable

What is Double Block and Bleed Valves ? API 6D defines a double-block-and-bleed valve (DBB) as a “single valve with

Tubular products are termed ‘tube’ or ‘pipe’. Tube is customarily specified by its outside diameter and wall thickness, expressed either

What is an O-Ring? An O-ring is a torus, or doughnut-shaped ring, generally molded from an elastomer, although O-rings are

Many instrumentation systems involve the measurement of analog signals in which noise can be a prominent component. Analog instrumentation signals

Tube fittings designed to connect a tube to pipe threads are called connectors. Tube fittings designed to connect one tube

Tubing vs. Pipe Standard fluid line systems, whether for simple household use or for the more exacting requirements of industry,

Common Causes of Imperfect Bends Figure A shows an ideal bend. Bends with little or no flattening are produced when

Tube Stretch or Pickup When bent, tubing seems to stretch or pick up length. This is because it takes a