Design a PLC Ladder diagram for opposite acting control valves application with a real time process industry.
Opposite Acting Control Valves
In chemical industry, chemical reactants were made using different vessels, in such applications sometimes we have to control the inlet flow and outlet flow based on pressure inside the vessel. The inlet control valve and outlet control valve are used to maintain the vessel flow rates. Write PLC program for this application using ladder diagram language.
Problem Diagram
Problem solution
- For this application, we use opposite control concept. Here we are considered reactor control example.
- We have two control valves, inlet valve is used for chemical reactants control and output control valve is used for flow control.
- Pressure transmitter is used for pressure measurement in the reactor/vessel. If the pressure is too low in the reactor, controller will open the inlet valve.
- Assume Inlet valve is fully closed and outlet valve is fully open when controller output is 0% (opposite acting control). At 50% output of controller, both the valves are 50% open.
- If controller output is 100%, inlet valve is fully open and outlet valve is fully closed.
Note : In PLC Logic we use only one PID controller for controlling both Input and Output Control Valves. Generally we use a SPLIT block after the PID controller output in PLC using programming. so we can connect the two control valves with separate analog output of the PLC. Hence you can calculate output range in PLC.
List of Inputs /Outputs
Inputs List
- Analog input form PT :- IW64
Outputs List
- Inlet control valve :- QW96
- Outlet control valve :- QW98
M memory
- Set pressure :- MD500
- Actual pressure :- MD704
- PID output (%) :- MD758
- PID output (analog) :- MW762
- PID state word :- MW770
- PID error word :- MD778
- PID output for inlet valve :- MD762
- PID enable input :- M61.0
- PID manual mode enable input :- M61.1
- PID controller reset :- M61.2
- PID high limit alarm :- M766.0
- PID low limit alarm :- M766.1
- PID input warning :- M766.2
PLC Ladder Logic
Program Description
For this application we used S7-300 PLC and TIA portal software for programming.
Network 1 :
In network, we configured standard parameters for PID function.
- “Drive PID”.sRet.r_Ctrl_Gain:- saved proportional gain or P gain for PID (1.0).
- “Drive PID”.sRet.r_Ctrl_Ti:-Saved integral time or I gain for PID (20s).
Network 2 :
“Drive PID”.sRet.r_Ctrl_Td:-Saved derivative time or D gain for PID (0s).
Network 3 :
Here we have taken pressure PID max output limit and minimum output limit. We considered here max limit for PID output 100 and minimum limit is 0.
Network 4 :
Sampling time of the PID_Compact instruction r_Cycle is determined automatically and usually equivalent to the cycle time of the calling OB. Consider 0.1s for this application.
Network 5 :
When PID enable (M61.0) is pressed PID block will be executed. As per SET point (MD500) it will generate output (0-27648) and according to actual pressure transmitter will give feedback (IW96) to PID.Manual enable (M61.1) is for manual operation and PID reset (M61.2) is for resetting the PID.
Network 6 :
Activate Mode after CPU restart If sb_RunModeByStartup = FALSE, the controller will remain inactive after a CPU startup.
Network 7 :
Here we calculated the PID output range for the inlet valve (reactants).It will be fully open when PID output reaches 100%.
Network 8 :
Here PID output is calculated for outlet valve (Products). When PID output reaches 100% output, outlet valve is fully closed.
Note : Above application may be different from actual application. We can also make this application by using Stand-alone PID controller and current to pressure converters. This example is only for explanation purpose. We can implement this logic in other PLC software also. This is the simple opposite acting control application for the valves used in industry, we can use this concept in other examples also.
All parameters and graphical representations considered in this example are for explanation purpose only, parameters or representation may be different in actual applications. Also all interlocks are not considered in the application.