A tactile sensor is also called a touch sensor. It is a type of device that captures and documents physical contact with an object. The touch sensor enables a device to detect the contact or close proximity of a general human user or operator.
A touch sensor works primarily when an object or individual comes into physical contact with the sensor. Touch sensors are sensitive to contact, pressure, or force. By their function, tactile sensors are broadly divided into vibration sensors, pressure, torque-force, temperature, etc.
The tactile sensors can be implemented in various configurations by using capacitive or resistive sensing technology.
Among several types of tactile sensors, the most popular are the three given below. Tactile sensors work on a variety of principles. Each type work on its own principle.
Capacitive sensing configuration is a capacitive coupling-based technology. It can detect and measure anything that is conductive or has a dielectric difference with air.
Capacitive touch screens distinguish and detect the specific location of a contact based on electrical impulses from the human body, usually from the fingertips.
Therefore, capacitive touch screens can be used without applying any force to the screen surface. A capacitive sensor is a high-performance pressure sensor.
A capacitor is composed of two conductive plates with a dielectric material (insulating) sand witched between them.
The capacitance C is represented by
C = A * ε0 * (εr/d).
Where
A = Area of the separation of the two plates
ε0 = Permittivity of vacuum.
εr = Relative static dielectric permittivity.
d = Thickness of the dielectric.
Elastomeric materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyurethane (PU) are ideal for the dielectric layers.
PDMS is a silicone elastomer that is most widely used as a dielectric material for pressure sensors.
Tactile sensors appear in everyday life. One can find in
Apart from the above, there are also countless applications for tactile (touch) sensors that most people never know about.
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