Fiber Optic Data Communication
An optical fiber is a “pipe” through which light flows. This is, of course, merely an analogy for how an
High-frequency Signal Cables
Electronic signals used in traditional instrumentation circuits are either DC or low-frequency AC in nature. Measurement and control values are
Inductive Coupling Effects
Magnetic fields, unlike electric fields, are exceedingly difficult to completely shield. Magnetic flux lines do not terminate, but rather loop.
Capacitive Coupling Effects
The fundamental principle invoked in shielding signal conductor(s) from external electric fields is that no substantial electric field can exist
Signal Coupling and Cable Separation
If sets of wires lie too close to one another, electrical signals may “couple” from one wire (or set of
Cable Routing
In the interest of safety and longevity, one cannot simply route electrical power and signal cables randomly between different locations.
What is DIN rail ?
DIN stands for “Deutsches Institut fur Normung”, which means “German Institute for Standardization.” In the 1970’s the name DIN became the
Electrical Signal and Control Wiring
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons don’t “care”
Instrument Tube Bending
Tube bending is something of an art, especially when done with stainless steel tubing. It is truly magnificent to see
Sanitary Pipe Fittings for the Instruments
Food processing, pharmaceuticals manufacturing, and biological research processes are naturally sensitive to the presence of micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi,