What is Relay Logic ?
Relay logic is a method of implementing combinational logic in electrical control circuits by using several electrical relays wired in a
How Not to Install an Instrument and Wrong Practices
If you ever find yourself working at a facility where you witness something as awful as what you see here,
Why Flow is Directly Proportional to the Square Root of DP?
In pressure-based flow meters like orifice or venturi, why flow is directly proportional to the square root of DP? (Differential Pressure)
Difference between Intrinsic Safe and Non-Intrinsic Safe Cables
Difference between IS and Non-IS cables The IS and Non-IS cables are similar in construction like 1 pair, 2 pair
PLC Raw Count Calculation for Pressure Transmitter
Every instrument has at least one input and at least one output. For instruments responding linearly, the correspondence between input
4-20mA Formulas and Examples
4-20 mA transmitter current output can be converted to the voltage within a specified range, from 0 to a maximal amplitude Vmax,
PLC based Automatic Bell System for a School
In a school, bell is activated by the PLC system. The bell will ring automatically at a fixed timing for
MCQ on Measurement and Instrumentation
Instrumentation Tools assists you a complete guide which mainly targets the aspirants of Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation engineering Streams to
Transmitters 4-20mA Current Failure Alarm Limits
4-20 mA instrumentation and controls usually support a signal range slightly below 4 mA and above 20 mA. For transmitters,
What is Loop Checking?
The Loop checking is defined as pre-Commissioning activity which is initiated after installation of instruments in the field and carry out the