Electro Pneumatic Valve Positioner Schematic & Principle
Electro Pneumatic valve Positioner is used to control the valve stem position from open to close position or vice versa. A simple design and concept equals a simple operation of…
Hybrid Level Measurement Principle, Selection, Installation, Limitations and Calibration
The level measurement is based on a hybrid technology: which consists of capacitance and GWR. The system is based on the GWR technology, whereas for interface applications this method is…
PLC Program for Artificial Fishpond Water Level Monitoring System
PLC program for an artificial fishpond water level monitoring system explained with the ladder logic concept for beginners.
PLC Program for Flow Totalizer
PLC program to implement totalizer for flow meter. The flow meter has 4-20mA output that represents 0 to 100 liters/hour fuel flow in a pipe.
Types of Variable Area Flow Meters
There are two Types of Variable Area Flow Meters. Classification of Area flow meters are Rotameter and Piston type flow meter.
Non Contact RADAR Level Transmitter Principle, Limitations, Design, Installation and Calibration
Measurement principle A radar transmitter should be mounted on the top of a tank, chamber/cage or standpipe. The transmitter sends out microwaves via the antenna, which then travel down to…
Capacitance Level Sensor Principle, Limitations, Installation & Calibration
Measurement principle The capacitive measuring principle is based on the method of the operation of a capacitor. A capacitor is formed by two differently charged electrodes isolated from each other.…
Falling Ball Viscometer Principle
Falling Ball Viscometer uses the simple — but precise — Höppler principle to measure the viscosity of Newtonian liquids by measuring the time required for a ball to fall under…
Practical Pneumatic Instruments
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine the workings of some actual instruments. In this section, we will explore three different…
Ultrasonic Level Transmitter Principle, Limitations, Calibration and configuration
Measurement principle Continuous non‐contacting ultrasonic level measurement is based on the time of flight principle. An ultrasonic level instrument measures the time between sound energy transmitter from the sensor, to…
