A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is a diagram in the process industry which shows the piping of the process…
A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. It is composed of several thermocouples connected…
Thermocouples (TCs) and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are the most widely used temperature sensors in automation and process control. They…
4 Wire RTD Principle The most accurate lead wire configuration is the “true” 4-wire configuration. In a true 4- wire…
Bumpless Transfer Bumpless transfer is either a manual or automatic transfer procedure used when switching a PID controller from auto…
Feedback control Feedback control is an important technique that is widely used in the process industries. Its main advantages are…
The below figure 1 shows a typical control scheme with two controllers driving the same control valve via high select…
A very common control scheme is split range control in which the output of a controller is split to two…
Self actuated pressure control valve do not depend on any external signal for pressure control. As the name suggests, pressure in…
