IP Ratings and Equivalent NEMA Ratings
  • Standards

IP Ratings and Equivalent NEMA Ratings

IP Ratings (Ingress Protection) and Equivalent NEMA Ratings Explained IP Ratings An IP rating contains two numbers (i.e. IP65) in…

  • Standards

ATEX Ratings, Intrinsic Safety, Hazardous Areas and Explosive Atmospheres

Please note that this page provides helpful information only, detailed reference should be taken from an appropriate accredited agency or…

  • Instrumentation Design

Why 4-20 mA Standard is so popular ?

4-20 mA Standard 4-20mA has an inherent ‘live zero’. Zero engineering units is 4.0mA, not 0.0mA. 0.0mA indicates an open…

  • Erection & Commissioning

Pressure Transmitters Installation Tips

There are a number of points to consider in a pressure measurement application. All require some thought in both the…

  • Pressure Measurement

Helix and Spiral Tubes – Pressure Sensor

Spiral-Type Bourdon Tube – One limitation of the C-type bourdon tube is the relatively small amount of tip movement. A…

  • Pressure Measurement

C-Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge Theory

The Bourdon tube works on a simple principle that a bent tube will change its shape when exposed to variations…

  • Communication
  • Instrumentation Design

Top 10 Facts about HART Technology

What You Thought You Knew But Didn’t 1: HART is Useful Only for Device Set-up, Commissioning, and Periodic Maintenance FACT:…

  • Instrumentation Interview Questions
  • Temperature Measurement

Temperature Sensors Interview Questions

Complete set of Questions and Answers on Thermocouple, Resistance thermometers, Thermowell and more Temperature Sensors Interview Questions. Temperature Sensors Interview…

  • Formulas

Linear to Square Root Extraction

In Linear to Square Root Conversion, Relationship is non-linear there is a greater change in flow at low pressures compared…

  • Formulas
  • Level Measurement

Level Calculation with Remote Seals

Diaphragm seals for tanks under Vacuum The transmitter must be mounted level with or below the lowest tap to ensure positive pressure at the transmitter.…