If a fault occurs in the underground cable, it is essential that the type of the fault and location of the fault should be determined as quickly and accurately as possible. Accuracy is important in order to avoid excessive trenching work. The type of fault which is most likely to occur is single conductor to ground fault. In multi-core cables, the fault current will likely give rise to excessive heating at the fault causing further damage to the insulation and extending the fault to remaining conductors. Open circuit faults may occur occasionally which be usually at cable joints.
Prior to the location of the fault on the power system it is important to determine the type of fault so as to make a better choice of the method to be used for fault location
After the fault type identification, suitable fault location method should be employed to pinpoint the location of the fault. Some of the fault identification methods generally employed are:
Also Read: Creepage Distance for insulators in substation
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Good information.