Proportional-only Offset
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and changes in process
Control Systems
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Proportional-only Control Theory
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets the stem position
On/off Control Theory
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I
Feedback Control Principle
Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key terms. First, we have what is
What is a Active Barrier ?
An active barrier uses transformers, optoisolators or relays to provide isolation between the hazardous area and the non-hazardous area. It
Zener Diode Barrier Principle
The zener diode barrier works by diverting potentially dangerous energy to ground before it can reach the hazardous area. Zener
Two out of Three Logic Analogy
Two out of Three Logic with Boolean Algebra Analysis : In designing digital circuits, the designer often begins with a
Overview of Woodward Governor 505
Governor is a device which senses the speed of an engine or turbine and controls the fuel (or steam) to
Troubleshooting with Loop Calibrator
Special-purpose electronic test instruments called loop calibrators exist for the express purpose of 4-20 mA current loop circuit troubleshooting. These
Troubleshooting Current Loops with Voltage Measurement
Sometimes ammeter or current measurement with multimeter is unavailable at work locations , we can still perform useful troubleshooting measurements