Proportional Control Theory

Proportional-only Offset

A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and changes in process

ON OFF Control Principle

On/off Control Theory

Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I

Feedback control loop - 2

Feedback Control Principle

Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key terms. First, we have what is

Active Barrier

What is a Active Barrier ?

An active barrier uses transformers, optoisolators or relays to provide isolation between the hazardous area and the non-hazardous area. It

Zener Barrier Protection

Zener Diode Barrier Principle

The zener diode barrier works by diverting potentially dangerous energy to ground before it can reach the hazardous area. Zener