ICS Control System Security
This article provides an overview of these ICS and typical system topologies, identifies typical threats and vulnerabilities to these systems, and provides recommended security countermeasures to mitigate the associated risks.…
Problem on Tachogenerator
A tachogenerator is a small DC generator designed to output a voltage directly proportional to the speed of a rotating shaft. These instruments are used to generate an analog electrical…
What is a Control Panel and its types?
Control panel is used to accommodate instruments for the purpose of measurement, monitoring, protection, detection, control and manage the processes. The panels are located in a control room as well…
Loop Calibrator to Simulate a 4-20 mA Signal
Suppose a technician wishes to use a loop calibrator to simulate a 4-20 mA signal to a controller, and decides to connect the loop calibrator to the circuit like this:…
Problem on PLC, HMI, VFD, and Motor Circuit
There is a problem with PLC, HMI, VFD, and motor circuit and how to identify the location and nature of the system fault using a digital multimeter (DMM)?
Loop Controller HART Signal Noise
In this system a loop controller receives a process variable signal from a 2-wire (loop-powered) transmitter, and sends its own 4-20 mA control signal to operate a control valve. A…
Pipeline Project Management
Pipeline project management is a vast subject, this article focuses on poorly executed front end loading (FEL) steps in midstream activities. With growing clamour for clean energy globally, the midstream…
Loop-powered 4-20 mA Transmitter Circuit Voltage drop
Calculate the voltage drops in this loop-powered 4-20 mA transmitter circuit for the current conditions 4mA, 8mA, 12mA, 20mA. Loop-powered 4-20 mA Transmitter Calculate the voltage drop at different points…
How Engineers Effectively do Problem-solve and Troubleshoot?
The basic fundamentals and practical problem-solving skills required for the engineers to effectively troubleshoot the issue in the industries. Engineers Problem-solve and Troubleshoot Rely on principles, not procedures. Don’t be…
Liquid Level Switch Control Pump and Lamp
This pictorial diagram shows how a liquid level switch (with two separate SPDT switch units actuated by a common float mechanism) is wired to control both an electric pump and…
