How a 4-20mA Transmitter Works?
A sensor is an input device that provides a usable output in response to the input measurand. A sensor is
Basics
We have the latest collection of basics of instrumentation topics, industrial instrumentation, and control engineering basic concepts.
4-20 mA Transmitter Wiring Types : 2-Wire, 3-Wire, 4-Wire
Transmitters are available with a wide variety of signal outputs. The 4-20mA analogue signal is by far the most commonly
Loop Check of 4-20mA or HART Transmitters
Do you know about Loop Check of 4-20mA or HART Transmitters or Instruments Loop check procedure ? This article provides the
Sink or Source? Normally Open or Normally Closed?
We discuss concepts of Sink or Source used in electrical circuits or in PLC wiring. Also we deal with basics of normally open contact or normally closed contact.
Troubleshooting a 4-20mA Current loop
The basic layout of every 4-20mA loop consists of a power supply, a transmitter, and passive loop devices. The supply produces the energy to run loop.
What is an O-Ring?
What is an O-Ring? An O-ring is a torus, or doughnut-shaped ring, generally molded from an elastomer, although O-rings are
How to Do Loop Checks During Plant Pre-Commissioning
Guide lines to be followed in Field during DCS Field Loop Checks (with P&ID) and step by step procedure to be followed during DCS Loop Checks.
How to Do Logic Checks During Plant Pre-Commissioning
Basic Guidelines to be followed during Logic Checks (Follow Cause & Effect, Control Narrative, P&ID and Latest Alarm & Trip
Process Control Fundamentals
Process Control In almost all industrial process applications, control of process variables is critical to the safe and efficient operation
Why Use a Current Loop?
4-20mA current-loop circuit have four individual elements: a sensor/transducer, a voltage-to-current converter, loop power supply and a receiver / monitor.