All materials are made up of atoms. These atoms contribute to the electrical properties of a material, including its ability to…
On the previous article, we saw how the output of a gate goes HIGH or LOW according to the voltage level on…
A dependent current source establishes a current, which is independent of the voltage across it, that is determined by the…
Dependent Sources An ideal source, either voltage or current, whose value depends upon some parameter (usually a voltage or current)…
It can be quite useful to determine how a current entering two parallel resistors “divides” between them. Consider the circuit shown…
It can be quite useful to determine how a voltage appearing across two series resistors “divides” between them. Consider the…
It is not possible to combine independent current sources in series, since this would violate KCL. However, consider the parallel…
Combining Independent Sources An inspection of the KVL equations for a series circuit shows that the order in which elements …
Combining Resistors Relatively complicated resistor combinations can be replaced by a single equivalent resistor whenever we are not specifically interested…
Starting at any node in a circuit, we form a loop by traversing through elements (open-circuits included!) and returning to…
