What is ON/OFF Valve ?
An ON/OFF Valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch, a device that either allows unimpeded flow or acts to prevent flow altogether. These valves are often used for...
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Basics of AC Induction Motors
The basic principle of an AC induction motor is that one or more out-of-phase AC (sinusoidal) currents energize sets of electromagnet coils (called stator coils or windings) arranged around the...
Synchronous Counters
A synchronous counter, in contrast to an asynchronous counter, is one whose output bits change state simultaneously, with no ripple. The only way we can build such a counter circuit from J-K flip-flops is...
Asynchronous Counters
In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that counted backward in a two-bit binary sequence, from 11 to 10 to 01 to 00. Since it would be...
Binary Count Sequence
If we examine a four-bit binary count sequence from 0000 to 1111, a definite pattern will be evident in the “oscillations” of the bits between 0 and 1: Note how...
Monostable Multivibrators
We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in use: the pulse detector used within the circuitry of flip-flops, to enable the latch portion for a brief time when...
Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs
The normal data inputs to a flip flop (D, S and R, or J and K) are referred to as synchronous inputs because they have effect on the outputs (Q and not-Q) only in...
J-K Flip-Flop
Another variation on a theme of bistable multivibrators is the J-K flip-flop. Essentially, this is a modified version of an S-R flip-flop with no “invalid” or “illegal” output state. Look...
Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops
So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable inputs. The latch responds to the data inputs (S-R or D) only when the enable input is activated....
D Latch
Since the enable input on a gated S-R latch provides a way to latch the Q and not-Q outputs without regard to the status of S or R, we can eliminate one...