What is ON/OFF Valve ?
An ON/OFF Valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch, a device that either allows unimpeded flow or acts to prevent flow altogether. These valves are often used for...
Category: eBooks
Instrumentation Books
Basics of AC Induction Motors
The basic principle of an AC induction motor is that one or more out-of-phase AC (sinusoidal) currents energize sets of electromagnet coils (called stator coils or windings) arranged around the...
Temperature Switch Principle
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use bimetallic strips as the temperature-sensing element, the motion of which actuates one or more switch...
Ultrasonic Level Switch Principle
Yet another style of electronic level switch uses ultrasonic sound waves to detect the presence of process material (either solid or liquid) at one point: Sound. Sound waves pass back...
Basics of Pressure switches
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or bellows as the pressure-sensing element, the motion of which actuates one or more...
Basics of Limit switches
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a limit switch is the switch detecting the open position of...
OTDR Testing
An Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer or OTDR is a sophisticated test instrument used to probe the characteristics of long optical fibers. They work by injecting a very brief pulse of light...
Fiber Optic Cable Testing
Fiber optic cable testing is done to ensure all installed cable lengths and connectors are functioning properly....
Fiber Optic Cable Connectors, Routing, and Safety
One of the most popular styles of single-fiber connector is the so-called “ST” style, which uses a quarter-turn locking barrel to secure the connector into its matching socket: Communication patch...
Multi-mode and Single-mode Optical Fibers
In any sort of waveguide – optical, electrical, or even acoustical (sound) – the signal energy may be able to propagate down the waveguide in different orientations. This is true...