Field Instrumentation Tips
1. For RTD Pt 100 measurement,measure the resistance across the white and common terminal, then the temperature can be calculated simply by Temp = (resistance measured across terminal minus 100)/0.385…
Nuclear Level Detectors Cascade or Master/Slave concept
A typical Nuclear / Nucleonic source and detector level measurement is shown in Below Fig 1. Also see : Nuclear Level Detectors Animation In certain process applications, the vessel or…
What is HAZOP ?
HAZOP- an abbreviated term of “HAZards and OPerability”- is defined as: “The application of a formal systematic critical examination of the process and engineering intentions of the new facilities, to…
Liquid Level Switch Control Logic
Liquid Level Switch Control Logic A form of liquid level switch called a tilt switch is often used for detecting sewage level in “lift stations” where sewage collected from homes…
Determine the functions of Pressure Switches ?
Determine the functions of all pressure switches and relays in this steam boiler monitoring circuit, and what each of their designations mean: Also, explain the significance of the switch symbols:…
Why we use End of Line (EOL) Resistor in Fire and Gas System ?
The End-of-Line Resistor used in fire alarm systems and security systems may look the same as a Terminating Resistor, however the function of the End-of-Line Resistor is completely different. It's…
Analyze the Relay Circuit and Find the Status ?
Determine the statuses of all lamps and relay coils in this circuit, given the following process conditions: Flow = 4 GPM Pressure = 24 PSI Temperature = 190 Deg F…
How Overload Heaters used to Automatically Shut the Motor OFF ?
How Overload Heaters used to Automatically Shut the Motor OFF & Prevent Damage ? Some common components of three-phase motor control circuits are shown here in the following illustrations. These…
What is a Cable Gland ?
Defining Cable Glands A device designed to permit the entry of a cable, flexible cable or insulated conductor into an enclosure, and which provides sealing and retention. It also provides…
Identify High Flow Alarm and Low Flow Alarm?
Identify which lamp in the following ladder-logic diagram is the high-flow alarm and which is the low-flow alarm.
