4-20mA Transmitter NAMUR Signal Levels
One of the intrinsic benefits of a “live zero” analog signal standard such as 4-20 mA is that a wire break (open fault) can immediately be detected by the absence…
Ammonia Gas Detector Working Principle and Calibration
Ammonia gas detector working principle and calibration. (Make: Dragger Model : Polytron 5100) Gas detector is a very important safety device for any chemical plant. Its can give information in…
Troubleshooting with Loop Calibrator
Special-purpose electronic test instruments called loop calibrators exist for the express purpose of 4-20 mA current loop circuit troubleshooting. These versatile instruments are generally capable of not only measuring current,…
Pressure Gauge Functional Testing
Pressure Gauge Functional Testing Test Equipment Required Dead Weight Tester Test Gauge Also Read : What is a Dead Weight Tester ? Typical Test Set-up Procedure a. Check and…
Troubleshooting Current Loops with Voltage Measurement
Sometimes ammeter or current measurement with multimeter is unavailable at work locations , we can still perform useful troubleshooting measurements using nothing but a DC voltmeter / Multimeter with DC…
Mass Spectrometer Working Principle
Mass spectrometer : Principle: Mass spectrometer works on mass to charge ratio principle. To know the Mass spectrometer, first we have to know what is Mass Number ? Mass number…
Instrument Air Sizing
I want to share you how to size or select minimum capacity of air compressor and instrument air dryer. Air compressor is usually used as feed air for: Instrument air…
Basic Calculations of Instrument Air
Basic Calculations of Instrument Air Instrument air consumption shall be calculated during detail design to determine the plant utility air requirement by pneumatic operated instrument as well as package which requires…
Servo Level Transmitter Principle
Servo Level Transmitter Principle A very thin measuring wire B is wound onto measuring drum C having a certain length of precisely machined spiral groove. Measuring drum C is connected…
Constant Flow Valve Principle
Constant Flow Valve keep flow rate of gases or liquids at constant value even when the supply or load pressure changes. Control valve with diaphragm automatically acts following the change of…
