4-20mA Loop Power Supply Questions and Answers
Here we discuss about the general 4-20mA Loop Power Supply Questions and answers come across in industrial instrumentation. 4-20mA Loop Power Supply What is a 4mA to 20mA signal? The 4mA…
Guided-wave Radar Level Measurement Animation
The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the wave guide of a guided-wave radar level instrument, relating the peaks on an echo curve to…
What is Relay Logic ?
Relay logic is a method of implementing combinational logic in electrical control circuits by using several electrical relays wired in a particular configuration. Relay Logic The schematic diagrams for relay logic…
How Not to Install an Instrument and Wrong Practices
If you ever find yourself working at a facility where you witness something as awful as what you see here, you have a professional obligation to take some corrective action.…
Why Flow is Directly Proportional to the Square Root of DP?
In pressure-based flow meters like orifice or venturi, why flow is directly proportional to the square root of DP? (Differential Pressure)
Difference between Intrinsic Safe and Non-Intrinsic Safe Cables
Difference between IS and Non-IS cables The IS and Non-IS cables are similar in construction like 1 pair, 2 pair or multi-pair cables with shield, insulation, armor etc. The entity…
PLC Raw Count Calculation for Pressure Transmitter
Every instrument has at least one input and at least one output. For instruments responding linearly, the correspondence between input and output is proportional: PLC Raw Count Calculation A practical…
4-20mA Formulas and Examples
4-20 mA transmitter current output can be converted to the voltage within a specified range, from 0 to a maximal amplitude Vmax, as shown in the following picture: 4-20mA Formulas  Calling I…
PLC based Automatic Bell System for a School
In a school, bell is activated by the PLC system. The bell will ring automatically at a fixed timing for 5 seconds interval. Write PLC program for this system using…
MCQ on Measurement and Instrumentation
Instrumentation Tools assists you a complete guide which mainly targets the aspirants of Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation engineering Streams to crack the competition exams and prepare for the top MNC…
