Types of Cathodic Protection for Pipeline Protection
Cathodic Protection There are two general methods of cathodic protection, the galvanic system and the impressed current system. Galvanic System The galvanic system uses a sacrificial anode of a material…
What is Static Grounding?
Airports require special attention to grounding. They not only handle fuel in close proximity to masses of people, but the airport is usually on high ground and therefore subject to…
Definitions of Electrical Grounding
Definitions of Electrical Grounding Air Terminal: That component of a lightning protection system that is intended to intercept lightning flashes, (commonly known as lightning rod). Bonding: The permanent joining of…
Selection of Components Used In Electrical Earthing or Grounding
The overall effectiveness of any grounding system will be determined by the individual components that are used to construct the system and the manner in which the components are connected.…
How to Solve Electrical Ground Loop Problems?
A formal definition of a ground loop that is very general is provided in IEEE Std. 100-1991, IEEE Dictionary as follows: . . . a ground loop is “formed when…
Grounding of Telecommunication Systems
When a metallic mesh is embedded in the structural concrete subfloor, it may be used for an electronic signal reference grid (SRG). When this is done the problem becomes how…
Importance of Grounding Electronic Equipment
Grounding electronic equipment for personal safety and clearing of faults is no different than that of any other equipment. Safe grounding requires fast opening of circuit breakers or fuses and…
What is a Square Root Extractor? – DP Flow Measurement
In the olden days of DP Flow Measurement, the square-root function was performed in a separate device called a square root extractor.
Gas Turbine Troubleshooting Tips
Gas Turbine Troubleshooting The following information required for troubleshooting GE-design heavy-duty gas turbine issues: When did the problem begin? After a maintenance outage? After a forced outage (emergency shutdown, trip)?…
Tank Level Control in PLC
Design a PLC program to control the liquid level in a tank. A level transmitter is used to measure the tank level into a standard current signal from 4 to…
