Problem on Pressure and Level Control Loops
Examine these pressure and level control loops (transmitter-controller-valve systems) for an industrial boiler, controlling both water level and steam pressure: Pressure and Level Control Loops If the PIC setpoint is…
Cascade Temperature Control System
Explain the operation of this cascade temperature control system: Cascade Temperature Control System Cascade control systems (also called two-element control systems) have two control “loops” functioning: a master and a…
What are Pre-Shutdown, Shutdown, and Post-Shutdown?
Basically a plant maintenance shutdown is split into three steps, which are as follows: Pre shutdown Shutdown Post shutdown Pre-shutdown: Pre-shutdown is preparation for the shutdown. It is classified into…
Common Questions on Oil and Natural Gas Industry
This post shares the most common questions and answers on oil and natural gas industry for the young engineers for their technical job preparation. Questions on Oil and Natural Gas…
What is an FACP? (Fire Alarm Control Panel)
The Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) monitors and controls all functions of the fire alarm system. It receives input from initiation devices like a manual pull station or smoke detector,…
Types of Interlocks
Interlocking is primarily a safety measure, though, the process interlocks used to control the loops or sequence. Interlock Philosophy Interlocking is a method used to maintain safe operating state of…
DCS Program to Maintain Draft in Furnace
In Boiler, the Draft Plays an Important role. If the Draft of the Boiler Furnace is not Control Properly there are the Chances of Back firing and also the heat…
What is a Annunciator Panel?
Annunciator Panel is a device that consists of a number of visible signals such as "flags" or lamps indicating the status of an alarm system or systems. Each circuit is…
What is a Condensate Pot? How to Install it?
The main use of a condensate pot is for maximizing the accuracy of differential pressure flow measurement on steam (or vapor) applications.
ICS Control System Security
This article provides an overview of these ICS and typical system topologies, identifies typical threats and vulnerabilities to these systems, and provides recommended security countermeasures to mitigate the associated risks.…
