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Contacts and Coils in PLC Ladder Logic

S Bharadwaj Reddy
The most elementary objects in Ladder Diagram programming are contacts and coils, intended to mimic the contacts and coils of electromechanical relays. Contacts and coils are discrete programming elements, dealing...

What is Ladder Diagram Programming ?

S Bharadwaj Reddy
Ladder Diagram (LD) Programming The most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as Relay Ladder Logic (RLL). This is a graphical language showing the...

History of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

S Bharadwaj Reddy
Every control system may be divided into three general sections: input devices (sensors), controllers, and output devices (actuators). The input devices sense what is happening in the process, the controller...

PLC Memory Mapping and I/O addressing

S Bharadwaj Reddy
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC they intend to program is how the digital memory of that...

PLC Analog I/O and Network I/O

S Bharadwaj Reddy
In the early days of programmable logic controllers, processor speed and memory were too limited to support anything but discrete (on/off) control functions. Consequently, the only I/O capability found on...

Basics of PLC Programming

S Bharadwaj Reddy
In the late 1960’s an American company named Bedford Associates released a computing device they called the MODICON. As an acronym, it meant Modular Digital Controller, and later became the...

Siemens PLC Comparator Logic

S Bharadwaj Reddy
Siemens PLC Comparator Logic This article shows the different types of Siemens PLC Comparator Logics and their ladder diagrams. Problem Description Implement equal, not equal, greater or equal, less or...

Introduction to PLC Ladder Diagrams

S Bharadwaj Reddy
As an introduction to ladder diagrams, consider the simple wiring diagram for an electrical circuit in Figure 1.1a. The diagram shows the circuit for switching on or off an electric...

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