Vibrating Tube Densitometers Working Principle
One of the many parameters that must be accurately measured for product quality control, custody transfer, process control, or liquid interface detection purposes is liquid density. Often density measurement is…
Multiple Thermowell Installations Problems
Vortex shedding Fig: Color enhanced smoke trail showing von Karman Vortex Street in laminar fluid flow Vortex Shedding effects on Multiple Thermowell Installations Thermowells are essentially a circular cylinder installed like…
Hydrazine Analyzer Working Principle
Measuring principle The sample enters the analyzer via the user-adjustable constant-head unit mounted within the enclosure that removes the effect of changes in sample pressure and flow-rate. Overflow from the…
Logic Gates Questions and Answers
1. Explain what is a combinational circuit? In a combinational circuit, the output depends upon present input(s) only i.e, not dependant on the previous input(s). The combinational circuit has no…
Pitot Tube Working Principle
Pitot Tube measures the difference between total pressure and static pressure and it is converted into a proportional flow rate.
Difficulties with Thermocouples for Temperature Measurement
The thermocouple is a simple, widely used component for measuring temperature. Thermocouple Theory A thermocouple, shown in Below Figure, consists of two wires of dissimilar metals joined together at one…
Thermocouple Temperature Measurement Errors
What are the major sources of error in a Thermocouple (TC) measurement? Basically a TC behaves in a very predictable manner – it either works or it does not work.…
Proximity switches Circuit Diagram Operation
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches are non-contact sensors, using magnetic, electric, or optical means to sense the proximity of objects. A…
Pushbutton switches and Types of Switches
A hand switch / Pushbutton switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion. These may take the form of toggle, pushbutton, rotary, pull-chain,…
Basics of Cable Shields
shield is a metallic covering enclosing an insulated conductor or group of conductors. Though sometimes similar in appearance, shields for electronic and power cables perform very different functions. Electronic cable shields…
