How Not to Install an Instrument and Wrong Practices
If you ever find yourself working at a facility where you witness something as awful as what you see here, you have a professional obligation to take some corrective action.…
Why Flow is Directly Proportional to the Square Root of DP?
In pressure-based flow meters like orifice or venturi, why flow is directly proportional to the square root of DP? (Differential Pressure)
Difference between Intrinsic Safe and Non-Intrinsic Safe Cables
Difference between IS and Non-IS cables The IS and Non-IS cables are similar in construction like 1 pair, 2 pair or multi-pair cables with shield, insulation, armor etc. The entity…
PLC Raw Count Calculation for Pressure Transmitter
Every instrument has at least one input and at least one output. For instruments responding linearly, the correspondence between input and output is proportional: PLC Raw Count Calculation A practical…
4-20mA Formulas and Examples
4-20 mA transmitter current output can be converted to the voltage within a specified range, from 0 to a maximal amplitude Vmax, as shown in the following picture: 4-20mA Formulas Calling I…
PLC based Automatic Bell System for a School
In a school, bell is activated by the PLC system. The bell will ring automatically at a fixed timing for 5 seconds interval. Write PLC program for this system using…
MCQ on Measurement and Instrumentation
Instrumentation Tools assists you a complete guide which mainly targets the aspirants of Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation engineering Streams to crack the competition exams and prepare for the top MNC…
Transmitters 4-20mA Current Failure Alarm Limits
4-20 mA instrumentation and controls usually support a signal range slightly below 4 mA and above 20 mA. For transmitters, current values below 4 mA and above 20 mA are…
What is Loop Checking?
The Loop checking is defined as pre-Commissioning activity which is initiated after installation of instruments in the field and carry out the instrument loop checks between installed field instrument and respective control…
Basics of Loop Checks
The term “loop” can refer to the entire “control loop” from primary element (sensor) through the transmitter, and controller, to the valve positioner, and the final control element (valve). The…
