Pressure Transmitter Circuit
Sketch a circuit whereby the loop-powered pressure transmitter sends a signal to an analog voltage meter (to show respective signal). Be sure to route all wiring and attach any necessary…
15 HART Communicator Questions
A technical innovation in the 1980’s called HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transmitter) gave 4-20 mA loop-powered field instruments the ability to communicate digital as well as analog data. Today it…
Questions on Chemical Reactor Vessel P & ID
Examine this portion of a P&ID. This particular diagram shows some of the piping and instrumentation associated with a chemical reactor vessel: Chemical Reactor Vessel P & ID Question 1:…
Instrument Percent of Span Error
An important part of performing instrument calibration is determining the extent of an instrument’s error. Error is usually measured in percent of span. Instrument Percent of Span Error Calculate the…
What is Sensor Trim and Output Trim in Smart Transmitter?
Analog electronic process transmitters typically have only two calibration adjustments: one for zero and another for span. Occasionally you may find an analog electronic transmitter with a third adjustment: one…
How to Use the Shift and Rotate Instructions in PLC?
Let’s study the working shift and rotate instructions and its function in Siemens PLC programming with example ladder logic. Shift and Rotate Instructions in PLC Block Description Shift Right Integer:…
How to Choose a Control Valve?
When choosing a control valve for a process, there are many things that must be considered, including the valve’s flow characteristic, its size, noise, the potential for cavitation or flashing…
How to Configure a Smart Transmitter Using a HART Communicator?
The following instructions describe how to configure a 2 wire Radar smart transmitter with HART communicator using an Emerson 475 Field Communicator. The 475 Field Communicator used for this article…
Determine Resistance value of Resistors
Determine the nominal resistance values of these resistors, given their band colors, and also express the allowable tolerance in ohms (i.e. what the minimum and maximum acceptable resistance values are…
Pressure Control Loop Wiring Connections
This pictorial diagram shows the wiring connections for a simple pressure control loop, where a loop- powered 4-20 mA pressure transmitter sends a signal to a Honeywell controller, which in…
