Ziegler-Nichols closed-loop Tuning - 1

Heuristic PID Tuning Method

Heuristic PID Tuning Method In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller

Steady-state process gain

Steady-State Process Gain

When we speak of a controller’s gain, we refer to the aggressiveness of its proportional control action: the ratio of

pressurized-water reactor

Runaway Processes

A classic “textbook” example of a runaway process is an inverted pendulum: a vertical stick balanced on its end by

PID Controller Functions

PID Controller Functions

For any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID equation.