HART Communication Tutorial Part 1
HART, an acronym for Highway Addressable Remote Transducer, is an open process control network protocol and was introduced in the late 1980s. It is a hybrid communication protocol that uses…
HART Communication Tutorial Part 2
HART ADDRESSING HART addressing is of two types: polling address and unique identifier. Polling address is single byte and is also known as “short address.” Unique identifier is of 5 bytes…
HART Communication Tutorial Part 3
HART COMMUNICATION LAYERS The HART protocol follows the seven-layer OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) protocol, although it uses only three layers: application, data link, and physical. The other four are not…
HART Communication Tutorial Part 4
INSTALLATION AND GUIDELINES FOR HART NETWORKS HART devices use the conventional 4–20 mA current signal cable path to send the HART FSK signal. Thus, no extra communication paths are required to…
HART Communication Tutorial Part 5
APPLICATION IN SCADA The technology used in HART is very useful for SCADA applications. Since HART supports digital process values, it can be applied in SCADA. Various status parameters of…
How Process Control Loop Works
A typical process control system is shown in Figure. Assume the physical variable to be controlled is the temperature. Basically Industrial process control loop consists of sensors, transmitters, Control systems (PLC/DCS),…
Different Types of Diodes
Types of Diodes: Small signal or Small current diode - These diodes assumes that the operating point is not affected because the signal is small. Large signal diodes - The…
Ethernet Bus Animation
Ethernet Bus: This is a coax based Ethernet network where all machines are daisy chained using RG58 coaxial cable (sometime referred to as Thin Ethernet or Thin-net). Machine 2 wants…
Three Phase Inverter Animation
Three Phase Inverter: The topology of a three-phase inverter consists of 3 legs; each leg includes a switch in either the up or down position. The resulting eight possible switching…
Electricity Magnetism
MAGNETISM There are several relationships between electricity and magnetism. We will explore them one by one. The first relationship we will discuss is how current flowing through a wire creates…
