Understanding Safety Integrity Level IEC 61511
IEC standard 61511 is a technical standard which sets out practices in the engineering of systems that ensure the safety of an industrial process through the use of instrumentation. Such…
Understanding Hazardous Area Classification
Hazardous Area Classification Charts Download Understanding Hazardous Location Poster Class/Division Hazardous Guide Hazardous Area Classification
Temperature Switch Working Principle
Temperature is a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the particles in a substance. Since it is an average measurement, it does not depend on the number…
Profibus Communication Interview Questions & Answers
Read the frequently asked Profibus Communication Interview Questions & Answers useful for Automation Engineers, PLC Engineers, DCS Engineers. Profibus Communication Questions What is PI ? PI was formerly know as…
In-Line Flow Switch Working Principle and Animation
In-Line Flow Switch, As liquid flow enters the flow switch, it passes through an orifice between the inlet and outlet ports.
Float Level Switch Working Principle Animation
All float-operated liquid level switches operate on the buoyancy principle: "the buoyant force acting on an object is equal to the mass of liquid displaced by the object". As a…
Ultrasonic Level Switch Working Principle
An ultrasonic switch is a device that uses inaudible high-frequency sound (ultrasound) to detect the presence or absence of a liquid at a designated point. The device consists of an…
Air Filter Regulator Working Principle Animation
Air Filter Regulator are used to remove liquid water and particulate matter from compressed air sources. These are 'mechanical filters' and do not remove oil vapors or chemical contaminants in…
How to calculate Thermocouple Temperature by measuring the output millivoltage
HOW TO DETERMINE TEMPERATURE BY MEASURING THE OUTPUT MILLIVOLTAGE OF A THERMOCOUPLE THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE TABLES The N.I.S.T. (National Institute of Standards and Technology) is the U.S. standards setting agency. They…
Single Phase Earth Return System Advantages & Disadvantages
Generally in secondary distribution system, single phase two wire distribution system is generally followed. But for remote distribution systems in rural areas single phase ground return system has found economical.…
